Fund Directory - Morgan Stanley
Click on the fund symbol for a comprehensive Fund Cost Report.
| Ticker Symbol | Fund Name | Share Class | Fund Category |
|---|---|---|---|
| MAPPX | Advantage Portfolio | A | Multi-Cap Growth |
| MSPRX | Advantage Portfolio | C | Multi-Cap Growth |
| MPAIX | Advantage Portfolio | I | Multi-Cap Growth |
| MAPLX | Advantage Portfolio | L | Multi-Cap Growth |
| MADSX | Advantage Portfolio | R6 | Multi-Cap Growth |
| TALTX | Alternative Strategies Fund | Alternative Multi-Strategy | |
| MSCUX | American Resilience Portfolio | A | Large-Cap Core |
| MSBWX | American Resilience Portfolio | C | Large-Cap Core |
| MSBVX | American Resilience Portfolio | I | Large-Cap Core |
| MSBQX | American Resilience Portfolio | R6 | Large-Cap Core |
| MSAUX | Asia Opportunity Portfolio | A | Pacific Ex-Japan |
| MSAWX | Asia Opportunity Portfolio | C | Pacific Ex-Japan |
| MSAQX | Asia Opportunity Portfolio | I | Pacific Ex-Japan |
| MSAYX | Asia Opportunity Portfolio | R6 | Pacific Ex-Japan |
| TIIUX | Core Fixed Income Fund | Core Bond | |
| MIGAX | Corporate Bond Portfolio | A | Corporate Debt BBB-Rated |
| MSBOX | Corporate Bond Portfolio | C | Corporate Debt BBB-Rated |
| MPFDX | Corporate Bond Portfolio | I | Corporate Debt BBB-Rated |
| MGILX | Corporate Bond Portfolio | L | Corporate Debt BBB-Rated |
| GLCAX | Counterpoint Global Portfolio | A | Global Multi-Cap Growth |
| GLCDX | Counterpoint Global Portfolio | C | Global Multi-Cap Growth |
| GLCIX | Counterpoint Global Portfolio | I | Global Multi-Cap Growth |
| GLCSX | Counterpoint Global Portfolio | R6 | Global Multi-Cap Growth |
| MDOAX | Developing Opportunity Portfolio | A | Emerging Markets |
| MDOBX | Developing Opportunity Portfolio | C | Emerging Markets |
| MDOEX | Developing Opportunity Portfolio | I | Emerging Markets |
| MDODX | Developing Opportunity Portfolio | R6 | Emerging Markets |
| MACGX | Discovery Portfolio | A | Mid-Cap Growth |
| MSMFX | Discovery Portfolio | C | Mid-Cap Growth |
| MPEGX | Discovery Portfolio | I | Mid-Cap Growth |
| MSKLX | Discovery Portfolio | L | Mid-Cap Growth |
| MMCGX | Discovery Portfolio | R6 | Mid-Cap Growth |
| MAAUX | Dynamic Value Portfolio | A | Mid-Cap Value |
| MAAOX | Dynamic Value Portfolio | C | Mid-Cap Value |
| MAAQX | Dynamic Value Portfolio | I | Mid-Cap Value |
| MAADX | Dynamic Value Portfolio | R6 | Mid-Cap Value |
| TEMUX | Emerging Markets Equity Fund | Emerging Markets | |
| MELAX | Emerging Markets Leaders Portfolio | A | Emerging Markets |
| MEMLX | Emerging Markets Leaders Portfolio | C | Emerging Markets |
| MELIX | Emerging Markets Leaders Portfolio | I | Emerging Markets |
| MSIWX | Emerging Markets Leaders Portfolio | IR | Emerging Markets |
| MELSX | Emerging Markets Leaders Portfolio | R6 | Emerging Markets |
| MMKBX | Emerging Markets Portfolio | A | Emerging Markets |
| MSEPX | Emerging Markets Portfolio | C | Emerging Markets |
| MGEMX | Emerging Markets Portfolio | I | Emerging Markets |
| MRGEX | Emerging Markets Portfolio | IR | Emerging Markets |
| MSELX | Emerging Markets Portfolio | L | Emerging Markets |
| MMMPX | Emerging Markets Portfolio | R6 | Emerging Markets |
| MSDQX | Emerging Markets ex China Portfolio | A | Emerging Markets |
| MSDOX | Emerging Markets ex China Portfolio | C | Emerging Markets |
| MSDUX | Emerging Markets ex China Portfolio | I | Emerging Markets |
| MSDMX | Emerging Markets ex China Portfolio | R6 | Emerging Markets |
| MLNAX | Global Concentrated Portfolio | A | Global Large-Cap Growth |
| MLNCX | Global Concentrated Portfolio | C | Global Large-Cap Growth |
| MLNIX | Global Concentrated Portfolio | I | Global Large-Cap Growth |
| MLNSX | Global Concentrated Portfolio | R6 | Global Large-Cap Growth |
| MLMAX | Global Core Portfolio | A | Global Large-Cap Growth |
| MLMCX | Global Core Portfolio | C | Global Large-Cap Growth |
| MLMIX | Global Core Portfolio | I | Global Large-Cap Growth |
| MLMSX | Global Core Portfolio | R6 | Global Large-Cap Growth |
| MSJAX | Global Endurance Portfolio | A | GLOBAL Small/Mid-Cap |
| MSJCX | Global Endurance Portfolio | C | GLOBAL Small/Mid-Cap |
| MSJIX | Global Endurance Portfolio | I | GLOBAL Small/Mid-Cap |
| MSJSX | Global Endurance Portfolio | R6 | GLOBAL Small/Mid-Cap |
| MSBEX | Global Focus Real Estate Portfolio | A | Global Real Estate |
| MSBKX | Global Focus Real Estate Portfolio | C | Global Real Estate |
| MSBDX | Global Focus Real Estate Portfolio | I | Global Real Estate |
| MSBPX | Global Focus Real Estate Portfolio | R6 | Global Real Estate |
| MSFBX | Global Franchise Portfolio | A | Global Large-Cap Core |
| MSGFX | Global Franchise Portfolio | C | Global Large-Cap Core |
| MSFAX | Global Franchise Portfolio | I | Global Large-Cap Core |
| MSFLX | Global Franchise Portfolio | L | Global Large-Cap Core |
| MGISX | Global Franchise Portfolio | R6 | Global Large-Cap Core |
| MTIPX | Global Infrastructure Portfolio | A | Global Infrastructure |
| MSGTX | Global Infrastructure Portfolio | C | Global Infrastructure |
| MTIIX | Global Infrastructure Portfolio | I | Global Infrastructure |
| MRGOX | Global Infrastructure Portfolio | IR | Global Infrastructure |
| MTILX | Global Infrastructure Portfolio | L | Global Infrastructure |
| MSGPX | Global Infrastructure Portfolio | R6 | Global Infrastructure |
| MIGPX | Global Insight Portfolio | A | Global Multi-Cap Growth |
| MSPTX | Global Insight Portfolio | C | Global Multi-Cap Growth |
| MIGIX | Global Insight Portfolio | I | Global Multi-Cap Growth |
| MIGLX | Global Insight Portfolio | L | Global Multi-Cap Growth |
| MGZZX | Global Insight Portfolio | R6 | Global Multi-Cap Growth |
| MGGPX | Global Opportunity Portfolio | A | Global Large-Cap Growth |
| MSOPX | Global Opportunity Portfolio | C | Global Large-Cap Growth |
| MGGIX | Global Opportunity Portfolio | I | Global Large-Cap Growth |
| MGORX | Global Opportunity Portfolio | IR | Global Large-Cap Growth |
| MGGLX | Global Opportunity Portfolio | L | Global Large-Cap Growth |
| MGTSX | Global Opportunity Portfolio | R6 | Global Large-Cap Growth |
| MGKAX | Global Permanence Portfolio | A | Global Multi-Cap Growth |
| MGKCX | Global Permanence Portfolio | C | Global Multi-Cap Growth |
| MGKIX | Global Permanence Portfolio | I | Global Multi-Cap Growth |
| MGKQX | Global Permanence Portfolio | R6 | Global Multi-Cap Growth |
| MRLBX | Global Real Estate Portfolio | A | Global Real Estate |
| MSRDX | Global Real Estate Portfolio | C | Global Real Estate |
| MRLAX | Global Real Estate Portfolio | I | Global Real Estate |
| MRLEX | Global Real Estate Portfolio | IR | Global Real Estate |
| MGRLX | Global Real Estate Portfolio | L | Global Real Estate |
| MGREX | Global Real Estate Portfolio | R6 | Global Real Estate |
| MBAAX | Global Strategist Portfolio | A | Flexible Portfolio |
| MSSOX | Global Strategist Portfolio | C | Flexible Portfolio |
| MPBAX | Global Strategist Portfolio | I | Flexible Portfolio |
| MSDLX | Global Strategist Portfolio | L | Flexible Portfolio |
| MGPOX | Global Strategist Portfolio | R6 | Flexible Portfolio |
| MGQAX | Global Sustain Portfolio | A | Global Large-Cap Growth |
| MSGQX | Global Sustain Portfolio | C | Global Large-Cap Growth |
| MGQIX | Global Sustain Portfolio | I | Global Large-Cap Growth |
| MGQLX | Global Sustain Portfolio | L | Global Large-Cap Growth |
| MGQSX | Global Sustain Portfolio | R6 | Global Large-Cap Growth |
| MGOXX | Government Portfolio | Administrative | Institutional U.S. Government Money Market |
| MALXX | Government Portfolio | Advisor | Institutional U.S. Government Money Market |
| MAYXX | Government Portfolio | Advisory | Institutional U.S. Government Money Market |
| MSGXX | Government Portfolio | Cash Management | Institutional U.S. Government Money Market |
| COSXX | Government Portfolio | CastleOak | Institutional U.S. Government Money Market |
| IMPXX | Government Portfolio | Impact | Institutional U.S. Government Money Market |
| IPGXX | Government Portfolio | Impact Partner | Institutional U.S. Government Money Market |
| MVRXX | Government Portfolio | Institutional | Institutional U.S. Government Money Market |
| MGSXX | Government Portfolio | Institutional Select | Institutional U.S. Government Money Market |
| MVVXX | Government Portfolio | Investor | Institutional U.S. Government Money Market |
| MPCXX | Government Portfolio | Participant | Institutional U.S. Government Money Market |
| MSDXX | Government Portfolio | Select | Institutional U.S. Government Money Market |
| MGAXX | Government Securities Portfolio | Administrative | Institutional U.S. Government Money Market |
| MVAXX | Government Securities Portfolio | Advisory | Institutional U.S. Government Money Market |
| MCHXX | Government Securities Portfolio | Cash Management | Institutional U.S. Government Money Market |
| MUIXX | Government Securities Portfolio | Institutional | Institutional U.S. Government Money Market |
| MSVXX | Government Securities Portfolio | Institutional Sel | Institutional U.S. Government Money Market |
| MVIXX | Government Securities Portfolio | Investor | Institutional U.S. Government Money Market |
| MGPXX | Government Securities Portfolio | Participant | Institutional U.S. Government Money Market |
| MSEGX | Growth Portfolio | A | Multi-Cap Growth |
| MSGUX | Growth Portfolio | C | Multi-Cap Growth |
| MSEQX | Growth Portfolio | I | Multi-Cap Growth |
| MGHRX | Growth Portfolio | IR | Multi-Cap Growth |
| MSHLX | Growth Portfolio | L | Multi-Cap Growth |
| MGRPX | Growth Portfolio | R6 | Multi-Cap Growth |
| THYUX | High Yield Fund | High Yield | |
| MSYPX | High Yield Portfolio | A | High Yield |
| MSHDX | High Yield Portfolio | C | High Yield |
| MSYIX | High Yield Portfolio | I | High Yield |
| MRHYX | High Yield Portfolio | IR | High Yield |
| MSYLX | High Yield Portfolio | L | High Yield |
| MSHYX | High Yield Portfolio | R6 | High Yield |
| MSSMX | Inception Portfolio | A | Small-Cap Growth |
| MSCOX | Inception Portfolio | C | Small-Cap Growth |
| MSSGX | Inception Portfolio | I | Small-Cap Growth |
| MSSLX | Inception Portfolio | L | Small-Cap Growth |
| MFLLX | Inception Portfolio | R6 | Small-Cap Growth |
| TILUX | Inflation-Linked Fixed Income Fund | Inflation-Protected Bond | |
| MFAPX | International Advantage Portfolio | A | International Large-Cap Growth |
| MSIAX | International Advantage Portfolio | C | International Large-Cap Growth |
| MFAIX | International Advantage Portfolio | I | International Large-Cap Growth |
| MSALX | International Advantage Portfolio | L | International Large-Cap Growth |
| IDVSX | International Advantage Portfolio | R6 | International Large-Cap Growth |
| TIEUX | International Equity Fund | International Multi-Cap Core | |
| MIQBX | International Equity Portfolio | A | International Large-Cap Core |
| MSECX | International Equity Portfolio | C | International Large-Cap Core |
| MSIQX | International Equity Portfolio | I | International Large-Cap Core |
| MSQLX | International Equity Portfolio | L | International Large-Cap Core |
| MIQPX | International Equity Portfolio | R6 | International Large-Cap Core |
| TIFUX | International Fixed Income Fund | International Income | |
| MIOPX | International Opportunity Portfolio | A | International Large-Cap Growth |
| MSOCX | International Opportunity Portfolio | C | International Large-Cap Growth |
| MIOIX | International Opportunity Portfolio | I | International Large-Cap Growth |
| MRNPX | International Opportunity Portfolio | IR | International Large-Cap Growth |
| MIOLX | International Opportunity Portfolio | L | International Large-Cap Growth |
| MNOPX | International Opportunity Portfolio | R6 | International Large-Cap Growth |
| MSDFX | International Resilience Portfolio | A | International Large-Cap Growth |
| MSDEX | International Resilience Portfolio | C | International Large-Cap Growth |
| MSDKX | International Resilience Portfolio | I | International Large-Cap Growth |
| MSCZX | International Resilience Portfolio | R6 | International Large-Cap Growth |
| TLGUX | Large Cap Equity Fund | Multi-Cap Core | |
| MDDXX | Money Market Portfolio | Administrative | Institutional Money Market |
| MAPXX | Money Market Portfolio | Advisor | Institutional Money Market |
| MBDXX | Money Market Portfolio | Advisory | Institutional Money Market |
| MLKXX | Money Market Portfolio | Cash Management | Institutional Money Market |
| IPFXX | Money Market Portfolio | Impact Partner | Institutional Money Market |
| MNFXX | Money Market Portfolio | Investor | Institutional Money Market |
| MEPXX | Money Market Portfolio | Participant | Institutional Money Market |
| MSKXX | Money Market Portfolio | Select | Institutional Money Market |
| MWMXX | Money Market Portfolio | Wealth | Institutional Money Market |
| MWSXX | Money Market Portfolio | Wealth S | Institutional Money Market |
| EUGAX | Morgan Stanley Europe Opportunity Fund Inc | A | European Region |
| MSEEX | Morgan Stanley Europe Opportunity Fund Inc | C | European Region |
| EUGDX | Morgan Stanley Europe Opportunity Fund Inc | I | European Region |
| EUGCX | Morgan Stanley Europe Opportunity Fund Inc | L | European Region |
| DINAX | Morgan Stanley Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund | A | Global Income |
| MSIPX | Morgan Stanley Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund | C | Global Income |
| DINDX | Morgan Stanley Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund | I | Global Income |
| MFIRX | Morgan Stanley Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund | IR | Global Income |
| DINCX | Morgan Stanley Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund | L | Global Income |
| MGFOX | Morgan Stanley Global Fixed Income Opportunities Fund | R6 | Global Income |
| CPOAX | Morgan Stanley Insight Fund | A | Multi-Cap Growth |
| MSCMX | Morgan Stanley Insight Fund | C | Multi-Cap Growth |
| CPODX | Morgan Stanley Insight Fund | I | Multi-Cap Growth |
| MBIRX | Morgan Stanley Insight Fund | IR | Multi-Cap Growth |
| CPOCX | Morgan Stanley Insight Fund | L | Multi-Cap Growth |
| MCRTX | Morgan Stanley Insight Fund | R6 | Multi-Cap Growth |
| USGAX | Morgan Stanley Long Duration Government Opportunities Fund | A | General U.S. Government |
| MSGVX | Morgan Stanley Long Duration Government Opportunities Fund | C | General U.S. Government |
| USGDX | Morgan Stanley Long Duration Government Opportunities Fund | I | General U.S. Government |
| USGCX | Morgan Stanley Long Duration Government Opportunities Fund | L | General U.S. Government |
| MTGAX | Morgan Stanley Mortgage Securities Trust | A | U.S. Mortgage |
| MSMTX | Morgan Stanley Mortgage Securities Trust | C | U.S. Mortgage |
| MTGDX | Morgan Stanley Mortgage Securities Trust | I | U.S. Mortgage |
| MTGCX | Morgan Stanley Mortgage Securities Trust | L | U.S. Mortgage |
| MORGX | Morgan Stanley Mortgage Securities Trust | R6 | U.S. Mortgage |
| DWGXX | Morgan Stanley US Government Money Market Trust | R | U.S. Government Money Market |
| DGEXX | Morgan Stanley US Government Money Market Trust | S | U.S. Government Money Market |
| MRJAX | Multi-Asset Real Return Portfolio | A | Real Return |
| MRJCX | Multi-Asset Real Return Portfolio | C | Real Return |
| MRJIX | Multi-Asset Real Return Portfolio | I | Real Return |
| MRJSX | Multi-Asset Real Return Portfolio | R6 | Real Return |
| TMUUX | Municipal Bond Fund | General and Insured Municipal Debt | |
| MFMPX | Next Gen Emerging Markets Portfolio | A | Emerging Markets |
| MSFEX | Next Gen Emerging Markets Portfolio | C | Emerging Markets |
| MFMIX | Next Gen Emerging Markets Portfolio | I | Emerging Markets |
| MFMLX | Next Gen Emerging Markets Portfolio | L | Emerging Markets |
| MSRFX | Next Gen Emerging Markets Portfolio | R6 | Emerging Markets |
| PAPI | Parametric Equity Premium Income ETF | Options Arbitrage/Option Strategies | |
| PHEQ | Parametric Hedged Equity ETF | Options Arbitrage/Option Strategies | |
| MSIBX | Passport Overseas Equity Portfolio | A | International Large-Cap Growth |
| MSAAX | Passport Overseas Equity Portfolio | C | International Large-Cap Growth |
| MSACX | Passport Overseas Equity Portfolio | I | International Large-Cap Growth |
| MAIHX | Passport Overseas Equity Portfolio | IR | International Large-Cap Growth |
| MSLLX | Passport Overseas Equity Portfolio | L | International Large-Cap Growth |
| MAIJX | Passport Overseas Equity Portfolio | R6 | International Large-Cap Growth |
| MSHNX | Permanence Portfolio | A | Multi-Cap Growth |
| MSHOX | Permanence Portfolio | C | Multi-Cap Growth |
| MSHMX | Permanence Portfolio | I | Multi-Cap Growth |
| MSHPX | Permanence Portfolio | R6 | Multi-Cap Growth |
| MPMXX | Prime Portfolio | Administrative | Institutional Money Market |
| MAVXX | Prime Portfolio | Advisory | Institutional Money Market |
| MSPXX | Prime Portfolio | Cash Management | Institutional Money Market |
| CASXX | Prime Portfolio | CastleOak | Institutional Money Market |
| IMTXX | Prime Portfolio | Impact | Institutional Money Market |
| IPYXX | Prime Portfolio | Impact Partner | Institutional Money Market |
| MPFXX | Prime Portfolio | Institutional | Institutional Money Market |
| MPEXX | Prime Portfolio | Institutional Select | Institutional Money Market |
| MPVXX | Prime Portfolio | Investor | Institutional Money Market |
| MPNXX | Prime Portfolio | Participant | Institutional Money Market |
| MLDAX | Short Duration Income Portfolio | A | Short-Investment-Grade Debt |
| MSLDX | Short Duration Income Portfolio | C | Short-Investment-Grade Debt |
| MPLDX | Short Duration Income Portfolio | I | Short-Investment-Grade Debt |
| MSJLX | Short Duration Income Portfolio | L | Short-Investment-Grade Debt |
| TSGUX | Small-Mid Cap Equity Fund | Small-Cap Core | |
| TXXXX | Tax-Exempt Portfolio | Administrative | Tax-Exempt Money Market |
| MAXXX | Tax-Exempt Portfolio | Advisor | Tax-Exempt Money Market |
| TAXXX | Tax-Exempt Portfolio | Advisory | Tax-Exempt Money Market |
| TECXX | Tax-Exempt Portfolio | Cash Management | Tax-Exempt Money Market |
| TEXXX | Tax-Exempt Portfolio | Investor | Tax-Exempt Money Market |
| TPXXX | Tax-Exempt Portfolio | Participant | Tax-Exempt Money Market |
| TSXXX | Tax-Exempt Portfolio | Select | Tax-Exempt Money Market |
| TEWXX | Tax-Exempt Portfolio | Wealth | Tax-Exempt Money Market |
| TWSXX | Tax-Exempt Portfolio | Wealth S | Tax-Exempt Money Market |
| MTTXX | Treasury Portfolio | Administrative | Institutional U.S. Treasury Money Market |
| MATXX | Treasury Portfolio | Advisor | Institutional U.S. Treasury Money Market |
| MAOXX | Treasury Portfolio | Advisory | Institutional U.S. Treasury Money Market |
| MREXX | Treasury Portfolio | Cash Management | Institutional U.S. Treasury Money Market |
| MISXX | Treasury Portfolio | Institutional | Institutional U.S. Treasury Money Market |
| MTSXX | Treasury Portfolio | Institutional Select | Institutional U.S. Treasury Money Market |
| MTNXX | Treasury Portfolio | Investor | Institutional U.S. Treasury Money Market |
| MTCXX | Treasury Portfolio | Participant | Institutional U.S. Treasury Money Market |
| MSTXX | Treasury Portfolio | Select | Institutional U.S. Treasury Money Market |
| MAMXX | Treasury Securities Portfolio | Administrative | Institutional U.S. Treasury Money Market |
| MVYXX | Treasury Securities Portfolio | Advisory | Institutional U.S. Treasury Money Market |
| MHSXX | Treasury Securities Portfolio | Cash Management | Institutional U.S. Treasury Money Market |
| IMXXX | Treasury Securities Portfolio | Impact | Institutional U.S. Treasury Money Market |
| IPUXX | Treasury Securities Portfolio | Impact Partner | Institutional U.S. Treasury Money Market |
| MSUXX | Treasury Securities Portfolio | Institutional | Institutional U.S. Treasury Money Market |
| MSSXX | Treasury Securities Portfolio | Institutional Select | Institutional U.S. Treasury Money Market |
| MNVXX | Treasury Securities Portfolio | Investor | Institutional U.S. Treasury Money Market |
| MPRXX | Treasury Securities Portfolio | Participant | Institutional U.S. Treasury Money Market |
| MSEXX | Treasury Securities Portfolio | Select | Institutional U.S. Treasury Money Market |
| MUOAX | US Core Portfolio | A | Multi-Cap Core |
| MUOCX | US Core Portfolio | C | Multi-Cap Core |
| MUOIX | US Core Portfolio | I | Multi-Cap Core |
| MUOSX | US Core Portfolio | R6 | Multi-Cap Core |
| MAAYX | US Focus Real Estate Portfolio | A | Real Estate |
| MABBX | US Focus Real Estate Portfolio | C | Real Estate |
| MAAWX | US Focus Real Estate Portfolio | I | Real Estate |
| MABCX | US Focus Real Estate Portfolio | R6 | Real Estate |
| MUSDX | US Real Estate Portfolio | A | Real Estate |
| MSURX | US Real Estate Portfolio | C | Real Estate |
| MSUSX | US Real Estate Portfolio | I | Real Estate |
| MRETX | US Real Estate Portfolio | IR | Real Estate |
| MSULX | US Real Estate Portfolio | L | Real Estate |
| MURSX | US Real Estate Portfolio | R6 | Real Estate |
| MUAIX | Ultra-Short Income Portfolio | A | Ultra Short Obligation |
| MUIIX | Ultra-Short Income Portfolio | I | Ultra Short Obligation |
| MULSX | Ultra-Short Income Portfolio | IR | Ultra Short Obligation |
| TSDUX | Ultra-Short Term Fixed Income Fund | Ultra Short Obligation | |
| MSVEX | Vitality Portfolio | A | Health/Biotechnology |
| MSVMX | Vitality Portfolio | C | Health/Biotechnology |
| MSVDX | Vitality Portfolio | I | Health/Biotechnology |
| MSVOX | Vitality Portfolio | R6 | Health/Biotechnology |
This directory is refreshed monthly, most recently on Dec 7, 2024.